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Economic Policies and Rebel Choices: A Comparative Perspective on Libya, Syria and Yemen
Ippoliti, Beatrice Maria Luna ; Karásek, Tomáš (advisor) ; Laryš, Martin (referee)
In modern history governments have had an active role in responding and influencing the economic circumstances of the state. Whether by allocating resources or administering reforms, peacetime economic policies have traditionally impacted actor's public support as the choice of policy can impact the perception of actor's legitimacy. Despite the plethora of competing definitions, political scientists agree on considering legitimacy as a basic condition of governance -as it entails the acceptance and commitment of a people to a political authority. Rather than a unique characteristic of the state, governance becomes an attribute belonging to any social arrangement that exercises "function of statehood". By focusing on the comparison between the Syrian, the Libyan, and the Yemeni civil war this thesis aim is to enquire whether a positive relationship can be assessed between government economic choices and rebel's legitimacy. Given the neopatrimonial character of the three states this dissertation will focus on the actor's economic behavior to assess legitimacy. For the purpose of this analysis, I have chosen to adopt an Elitist framework as it focuses on bargain dynamics between political actors and elites (or constituencies). The methodological approach utilized is that of a comparative case study.
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Presidential Clans in Kazakhstan and Uzbekistan: status and development
Jordanová, Anna ; Horák, Slavomír (advisor) ; Šír, Jan (referee)
The thesis deals with the topic of the development of presidential political clans in Kazakhstan and Uzbekistan. It covers the entire rule of the first two presidents (Nursultan Nazarbayev and Islam Karimov) from their ascension to their posts shortly after the dissolution of the Soviet Union and declarations of independence of both states, and also the current rule of their respective successors (Kassym-Jomart Tokayev and Shavkat Mirziyoyev). It predominantly focuses on the power and social status of their closest relatives in these clan- based structures. Special attention was paid to their potential roles in state affairs after the resignation (or death) of their patrons.
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Personalism Theory in Foreign Policy. Case of Turkmenistan relations towards Afghanistan under the president Berdimuhamedow
Čechová, Diana ; Horák, Slavomír (advisor) ; Šír, Jan (referee)
This work focuses on the adaptation of personalism to foreign policy, which is analysed on a case study of foreign policy of Turkmenistan towards Afghanistan under president Berdimuhamedow's rule. The adaptation is based on the deduction from the basic attributes of personalism, which were obtained through the synthesis of the theories of neopatrimonialism, personalism and patronal presidentialism. The main characteristic of foreign policy of personalist regimes is the leader's undivided power over it, which can be observed on the fact that foreign policy follows and supports the leader's internal policies and goals. The adaptation of personalism to foreign policy making and these characteristics are confirmed by Turkmenistan's foreign policy towards Afghanistan, in which Berdimuhamedow plays a key role. The main foreign policy objective in the political sphere is to maintain friendly relations with both the Afghan government and the Taliban to avoid potential spill over of the Afghan conflict into Turkmenistan, which could undermine Berdimuhamedow's power and patron- client network. The foreign trade policy aims to diversify the Turkmen exports, to loosen dependency on traditional partners and raise money to sustain the regime and president's client network. Concerning the security issues, there...
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Non-democratic Regimes, Informal Institutions and Power Sharing
Suchý, Štěpán ; Buben, Radek (advisor) ; Koubek, Jiří (referee)
Diplomová práce Nedemokratické režimy, neformální instituce a sdílení moci se věnuje autoritářským institucím a problému sdílení moci v nedemokratických režimech ve vztahu k autoritářským parlamentům ve středoasijských republikách. Konkrétně se zabývá úlohou autoritářských parlamentů v neopatrimoniálních režimech a jejich vlivem na sdílení moci. Abychom pochopili efekt a funkci středoasijských parlamentů, práce analyzuje jak neformální, tak formální instituce v politickém režimu a principy jejich interakce. Nejprve představuje hlavní teoretické přístupy k autoritářským institucím a parlamentům. Další části se zabývají Střední Asií a zvláště popisují případy Uzbekistánu a Kyrgyzstánu. Klíčová slova: Střední Asie Neopatrimonialismus Kyrgyzstán Uzbekistán Neformální instituce Autoritářské Instituce
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